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The Anatomy of an Asphalt Shingle
The life expectancy of asphalt shingles is based on the performance of three components, and their ability
to resist weathering. Made from petroleum, asphalt contains oils that make asphalt shingles easy to
work with and effective at protecting your roof and home. As time goes on, these oils come to the
surface and are weathered away by the elements. It’s this weathering process that ages a shingle.
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Anatomy of an Asphalt Shingle |
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1. Reinforcement: Asphalt shingles start out with either an asphalt-saturated organic felt, or a fiberglass mat. This reinforcement is the structural base of the shingle, to which the other raw materials (asphalt and granules) are applied. In order for asphalt shingles to provide protection, the reinforcement must resist tearing, warping and shrinkage when applied on stable, wellventilated decks.
2. Asphalt: During shingle manufacturing, the reinforcement is coated with asphalt to provide the water-resistant layer that protects the felt and your roof from the elements. The thickness of this layer of asphalt determines the weight of the shingle. Many believe that the heavier the shingle the greater the protection offered to your roof and home. This factor is only one of many that determines the life expectancy of your roof.
3. Granules: A layer of granules is pressed into the surface of the asphalt. The granules protect the layer of asphalt from the ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Without this layer of protection, the asphalt layer would quickly deteriorate. |
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The Roof Environment
Now, let’s visit the roof environment. Subjected to harsh environmental weathering, shingles must endure everything from the scorching heat of the sun and its ultraviolet radiation to the effects of seasonal and environmental changes. They may even be subjected to the effects of thermal shock, caused by quickly changing weather conditions. |
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The Heat of the Sun
The scorching heat of the sun can raise the temperature of the roof’s surface as high as 25 - 33?C (45 - 60?F) above ambient temperature. This can affect the life expectancy of asphalt shingles. Proper ventilation helps to reduce the fluctuation in the temperature of your roof over the course of the day, and can reduce your roof’s overall ambient temperature. |
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Ultraviolet Radiation from the Sun
Besides the heat, the sun is also a source of ultraviolet radiation, which can make the asphalt layer of the shingles age more rapidly. In order to protect against this, asphalt shingles are covered by colored granules to protect the asphalt from the sun. |
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Thermal Shock and Cyclical Fatigue
Sudden changes in weather can put an enormous stress on your roof. As an example, a cold front may enter an area and change a bright and sunny day into a dark and rainy one, suddenly dropping roof surface temperatures 30 - 45?C (54 - 81?F) almost instantaneously. This may cause the roof deck beneath the shingles to expand and contract, causing stress on the asphalt shingles. This process, along with the yearly
change from summer to winter, may result in cyclical fatigue. |
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Asphalt Shingles and the Passage of Time
Just like people, asphalt shingles gradually change with the passage of time. Signs of this aging process may appear as early as the first couple of years, during what is often called the Curing Phase. At first, you may notice small surface cracks, or a few small blisters. These changes will not affect the ability of the asphalt shingles to protect your roof, and are an anticipated part of the aging process.
During the Stable Phase, these signs of aging will slow down dramatically. The duration of the stable phase may last 20-30 years, but is dependent on many factors? including the construction of the asphalt shingles, the condition of your roof and roofing ventilation, the slope of your roof, as well as the workmanship of your roofing contractor.
Near the end of the expected life of asphalt shingles, the aging process begins to speed up. This is what is called the Final Phase, during which most homeowners start to think about replacing their asphalt shingles. |
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CURLING:
One of the things you may notice is a slight curling of the shingles along the bottom edge, particularly during cold weather. This is a normal occurrence of asphalt shingles and results from the natural loss of the oils from the asphalt covering the felt. As the asphalt loses its oil, it slowly becomes more rigid, and may shrink at a quicker rate than the felt. |
SURFACE CRACKING:
Just like skin that has been exposed to the scorching heat of the sun, the surface of asphalt shingles reacts in a similar fashion. Like your skin, asphalt shingles may develop small surface cracks. This is a result of asphalt shingles becoming more brittle over time. Thermal shock and deck movement may also increase the occurrence of surface cracking. |
BLISTERS:
As asphalt shingles age, large bubble-like blisters may appear on the surface, some as large as a quarter. They may be open, exposing the asphalt, or closed. Blisters are more likely to appear when there is inadequate ventilation, or in areas where tree sap drips onto the shingles. Small “rash” blisters do not affect the performance of the shingles. |
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*Location, materials, design, underlayment, installation, slope, and other factors.
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| Asphalt shingle style |
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SPECIFICATIONS |
Length
39-3/8" (1000 mm)
Width
13-1/4" (336 mm)
Exposure
5-5/8" (143 mm)
Coverage per Bundle
32.3 sq. ft. ( 3 m2) |
STANDARDS |
ASTM D3462
ASTM D3018
ASTM D3161
ASTM E108 Class “A” Fire
Resistance Rating
CSA A123.51
CSA A123.52 |
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MARATHON 20
3-Tab Design Shingles
The exquisite color blends of IKO Marathon 20, traditional 3-Tab design shingle complements a variety of home styles and finishes. An excellent choice for exceptional roofing value.
- Fiberglass asphalt shingles
- Traditional 3-Tab design
- Tear strength values which exceed ASTM D3462 standards
- F.M. tested class “A” fire resistance rating?
- Limited wind warranty coverage up to 60 mph (97 km/h)
- Limited 20-Year Warranty
- 3 year IKO “Iron Clad” protectio
**
All IKO fiberglass shingles require an asphalt felt underlayment when applied on roofs with a slope less than 8/12. Class “A” Fire Resistance Rating is achieved only with the installation of felt underlayment.
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SPECIFICATIONS |
Length
40-1/2" (1029 mm)
Width
13-1/2" (343 mm)
Exposure
5-3/4" (146 mm)
Coverage per Bundle
33.3 sq. ft. ( 3.1 m2) |
STANDARDS |
ASTM D3462
ASTM D3018
ASTM D3161
ASTM E108 Class “A” Fire
Resistance Rating
CSA A123.5
CSA A123.51
CSA A123.52 |
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CAMBRIDGE 30
Laminated Shingle
IKO Cambridge shingles are laminated to provide a remarkable dimensional thickness, not only for strength, durability, and weather resistance, but also to create an extraordinarily beautiful look for your home. Cambridge is manufactured
in a larger size with more exposure to create a high definition “shake” look for your roof. Its double layer construction, using an extra-heavy fiberglass mat and tough modified sealant, provides superior durability and wind resistance. All Cambridge shingles are surprisingly affordable and are theperfect choice to protect and beautify your home. Cambridge 30 Western
shingles feature an angle cut design.
- Fiberglass asphalt shingles
- Laminated architectural design
- F.M. tested class “A” Fire Resistance Rating
- Limited wind warranty coverage up to 70 mph (112 km/h)
- Limited 30-Year Warranty
- 5 year IKO “Iron Clad” protection
**
All IKO fiberglass shingles require an asphalt felt underlayment when applied on roofs with a slope less than 8/12. Class “A” Fire Resistance Rating is achieved only with the installation of felt underlayment.
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